Maximilien Robespierre
EL61/Sun opposition
"The Terror behind"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
>>Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (6 May 1758–28 July 1794) is one of the best-known figures of the French Revolution. He studied at College of Louis-le-Grand in Paris and became a lawyer. His supporters called him "The Incorruptible." He was an influential member of the Committee of Public Safety and was instrumental in the period of the Revolution commonly known as the Reign of Terror that ended with his arrest and execution in 1794.
Politically, Robespierre was a disciple of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, among other Enlightenment philosophes, and a capable articulator of the beliefs of the left-wing bourgeoisie. He was described as physically unimposing and immaculate in attire and personal manners.
His paternal grandfather established himself in Arras as a lawyer. His father, also a lawyer, married Jacqueline Marguerite Carraut, the daughter of a brewer, in 1758. Maximilien was the oldest of four children, and was conceived out of wedlock. To hide the deed as best they could, his father and mother had a rushed wedding (which the grandfather refused to attend). In 1764 Madame de Robespierre, as the name was then spelled, died in childbirth. Her husband left Arras and wandered around Europe until his death in Munich in 1777, leaving the children to be raised by their maternal grandfather and aunts.
Maximilien attended the collège (middle school) of Arras when he was eight years old, already knowing how to read and write. In October of 1769, on the recommendation of the bishop, he obtained a scholarship at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. Here he learned to admire the idealized Roman Republic and the rhetoric of Cicero, Cato, and other classic figures. His fellow pupils included Camille Desmoulins and Stanislas Fréron. He also was exposed to Rousseau during this time and adopted many of the same principles. Robespierre became more intrigued by the idea of a virtuous self, a man who stands alone accompanied only by his conscience.
Shortly after his coronation, Louis XVI visited Louis-le-Grand. Robespierre, then 17 years old, had been chosen out of five hundred pupils to deliver a speech to welcome the king; as a prize-winning student, the choice had been clear. On the day of speech, Robespierre and the crowd waited for the king and queen for several hours in the rain. Upon arrival, the royal couple remained in their coach for the ceremony and immediately left thereafter. Ironically, Robespierre would be one of those who would eventually work towards the death of the king, though it is not clear whether he or others bore animosity as a result of this particular incident.
Early politics
After having completed the law studies, Robespierre was admitted to the Arras bar. The bishop of Arras, Louis François Marc Hilaire de Conzié, appointed him criminal judge in the diocese of Arras in March 1782. This appointment, which he soon resigned to avoid pronouncing a sentence of death, did not prevent his practising at the bar. He quickly became a successful advocate and chose overwhelmingly to represent the poor. During court hearings he was known to often advocate the ideas of the Enlightenment and argue for the rights of his clients. Later in his career he also became interested in literature and society and came to be regarded as one of the best writers and well-liked young men of Arras.
In December 1783 he was elected a member of the academy of Arras, the meetings of which he attended regularly. In 1784 he obtained a medal from the academy of Metz for his essay on the question of whether the relatives of a condemned criminal should share his disgrace. He and Pierre Louis de Lacretelle, an advocate and journalist in Paris, divided the prize. Many of his subsequent essays were less successful, but Robespierre was compensated for these failures by his popularity in the literary and musical society at Arras, known as the "Rosati," of which Lazare Carnot, who would be his colleague on the Committee of Public Safety, was also a member.
In 1788 he took part in the discussion of the way that the Estates-General should be elected, showing clearly and forcibly in his Adresse à la nation artésienne that if the former mode of election by the members of the provincial estates were again adopted, the new Estates-General would not represent the people of France. It is possible he addressed this issue so that he could have a chance of taking part in the proceedings and thus change the policies of the monarchy. King Louis XVI later announced new elections for all provinces, thus allowing Robespierre to run for the position of deputy for the Third Estate.
Although the leading members of the corporation were elected, Robespierre, their chief opponent, succeeded in getting elected with them. In the assembly of the bailliage rivalry ran still higher, but Robespierre had begun to make his mark in politics with the Avis aux habitants de la campagne (Arras, 1789). With this he secured the support of the country electors, and although only 30, comparatively poor and lacking patronage, he was elected fifth deputy of the Third Estate of Artois to the Estates-General. When Robespierre arrived at Versailles, he was relatively unknown, but he soon became part of the representative National Assembly which then transformed into the Constituent Assembly.
While the Constituent Assembly occupied itself with drawing up a constitution, Robespierre turned from the assembly of provincial lawyers and wealthy bourgeois to the people of Paris. He was a frequent speaker in the Constituent Assembly; he voiced many ideas for the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Constitutional Provisions, often with great success. He was eventually recognized as second only to Pétion de Villeneuve - if second he was - as a leader of the small body of the extreme left; "the thirty voices" as Mirabeau contemptuously called them.
Robespierre soon became involved with the new Society of the Friends of the Constitution, known eventually as the Jacobin Club. This had consisted originally of the Breton deputies only. After the Assembly moved to Paris the Club began to admit various leaders of the Parisian bourgeoisie to its membership. As time went on, many of the more intelligent artisans and small shopkeepers became members of the club. Among such men Robespierre found a sympathetic audience. As the wealthier bourgeois of Paris and right-wing deputies seceded to the Club of 1789, the influence of the old leaders of the Jacobins, such as Barnave, Duport, Alexandre de Lameth, diminished. When they, alarmed at the progress of the Revolution, founded the club of the Feuillants in 1791, the left, including Robespierre and his friends dominated the Jacobin Club.
On May 15, 1791, Robespierre proposed and carried the motion that no deputies who sat in the Constituent could sit in the succeeding Assembly, his only successful proposition in this assembly.
The flight of Louis XVI and his family on June 20 and his subsequent arrest at Varennes resulted in Robespierre declaring himself at the Jacobin Club to be "ni monarchiste ni républicain" ("neither monarchist nor republican"). But this was not unusual; very few at this point were avowed republicans.
After the massacre of the Champ de Mars on July 17, 1791, in order to be nearer to the Assembly and the Jacobins, he moved to live in the house of Maurice Duplay, a cabinetmaker residing in the Rue Saint-Honoré and an ardent admirer of Robespierre's. Robespierre lived there (with two short intervals excepted) until his death. In fact, according to some sources, including his doctor, Souberbielle, Vilate, a juror on the Revolutionary Tribunal, and his host's youngest daughter (who would later marry Philippe Le Bas of the Committee of General Security), he became engaged to the eldest daughter of his host, Éléonore Duplay.
On September 30, on the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, the people of Paris crowned Pétion and Robespierre as the two incorruptible patriots in an attempt to honor their purity of principles, their modest ways of living, and their refusal of bribes.
With the dissolution of the Assembly he returned for a short visit to Arras, where he met with a triumphant reception. In November he returned to Paris to take the position of Public Prosecutor of Paris.
Opposition to war with Austria
On February 1792, Jacques Pierre Brissot, one of the leaders of the Girondist party in the Legislative Assembly, urged that France should declare war against Austria. Marat and Robespierre opposed him, because they feared the possibility of militarism, which might then be turned to the advantage of the reactionary forces. Robespierre was also convinced the stability of the internal country was more important; he was suspicious of traitors and counter-revolutionaries hidden among the people. This opposition from expected allies irritated the Girondins and political rivalry arose between them.
In April 1792, Robespierre resigned the post of public prosecutor of Versailles, which he had officially held, but never practised, since February, and started a journal, Le Défenseur de la Constitution, in his own defence against the accusations of the Girondin leaders.
Because of his popularity, his reputation for virtue and his influence over the Jacobin Club, the strongmen of the Commune were glad to have Robespierre's aid in the face of food riots and factionalism. On 16 August, Robespierre presented the petition of the Commune of Paris to the Legislative Assembly, demanding the establishment of a revolutionary tribunal and the summoning of a Convention.
Robespierre has often been reproached with failing to stop the September Massacres, but neither he nor any other individual were in any position to have done so. Although some tried to smudge the purity of his name, he was popular enough to be elected first deputy for Paris to the National Convention. Robespierre and his allies took the benches high at the back of the hall, giving them the label 'the Montagnards'; below them were the Manège of the Girondins and then 'the Plain' of the independents.
At the Convention, the Girondins immediately attacked Robespierre. As early as 26 September the Girondin Marc-David Lasource accused Robespierre of wanting to form a dictatorship. He later heard a rumor that Marat, Danton and himself were plotting to become triumvirs. On 29 October, Louvet de Couvrai attacked Robespierre in a speech, possibly written by Madame Roland. Robespierre easily rebutted the false accusation in this attack on 5 November when he denounced the federalist plans of the Girondins.
The execution of Louis XVI
In December 1792 personal disputes were overshadowed by the question of the king's trial. Here Robespierre took the position that the king must be executed, whereas in previous cases he had opposed the death penalty. For Robespierre, if one man’s life had to be taken to save the Revolution, there was no alternative. In his speech on December 3rd he said:
"This is no trial; Louis is not a prisoner at the bar; you are not judges; you are — you cannot but be — statesmen, and the representatives of the nation. You have not to pass sentence for or against a single man, but you have to take a resolution on a question of the public safety, and to decide a question of national foresight. It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, so that the country may live."
Robespierre argued that the king, having betrayed the people when he tried to flee the country—and indeed, as Robespierre said, in having been a King in the first place—posed a danger to the state of unifying the enemies of the Republic.
Destruction of the Girondins
After the king's execution, the influence of Robespierre, Danton, and the pragmatic politicians increased at the expense of the Girondins. The Girondins refused to have anything more to do with Danton and because of this the government became more divided.
In May 1793 Desmoulins, at the behest of Robespierre and Danton, published his Histoire des Brissotins, an elaboration on the earlier article Jean-Pierre Brissot, démasqué, a scathing attack on Brissot and the Girondins. Maximin Isnard declared that Paris must be destroyed if it came out against the provincial deputies. Robespierre preached a moral "insurrection against the corrupt deputies" at the Jacobin Club. On June 2, a large crowd of armed men from the Commune of Paris came to the Convention and arrested 32 deputies on charges of counter-revolutionary activities.
Founding the Committee of Public Safety
After the fall of the King, France faced more food riots, large popular insurrections and devastating treasonous acts by those thought to be patriots; a stable government was needed to quell the chaos. On March 11, a Revolutionary Tribunal was established in Paris. On April 6, the nine-member Committee of Public Safety replaced the larger Committee of General Defense. On July 27, 1793 the Convention elected Robespierre to the Committee, although he had not sought the position. The Committee of General Security began to manage the country's internal police.
The Terror
Historians disagree on Robespierre's role in the Terror. Some say that he was a minor player in the Committee of Public Safety. Babeuf and Philippe Buonarroti have tried to absolve him by saying he acted only for reasons of practical expediency. Robespierre has often been regarded as the dominant force on the committee. Louis-Sébastien Mercier coined the term "Sanguinocrat" to describe Robespierre. However, after his death many of his colleagues tried to save themselves by blaming him.
He was one of the most popular orators in the Convention and his carefully prepared speeches often made a deep impression. His panegyrics on revolutionary government and his praise of virtue demonstrate his belief that the Terror was necessary, laudable and inevitable. It was Robespierre's belief that the Republic and virtue were of necessity inseparable. He reasoned that the Republic could only be saved by the virtue of its citizens, and that the Terror was virtuous because it attempted to maintain the Revolution and the Republic. For example, in his Report on the Principles of Political Morality, given on February 5th 1794, Robespierre stated,
"If virtue be the spring of a popular government in times of peace, the spring of that government during a revolution is virtue combined with terror: virtue, without which terror is destructive; terror, without which virtue is impotent. Terror is only justice prompt, severe and inflexible; it is then an emanation of virtue; it is less a distinct principle than a natural consequence of the general principle of democracy, applied to the most pressing wants of the country. … The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny".
Robespierre believed that the Terror was a time of discovering and revealing the enemy within Paris, within France, the enemy that hid in the safety of apparent patriotism. Because he believed that the Revolution was still in progress, and in danger of being sabotaged, he made every attempt to instil in the populace and Convention the urgency of carrying out the Terror. In his Report and others, he brought tales and fears of traitors, monarchists, and saboteurs throughout the Republic and also the Convention itself.
Robespierre expanded the traditional list of the Revolutions' enemies to include moderates and "false revolutionaries". In Robespierres' understanding, these moderates and "false revolutionaries" were not only ignorant of the dangers facing the republic, but also in many cases disguised themselves as active contributors to the Revolution, who simply repeated the work of others, or even impeded the progress of the patriots. Anyone not in step with the decrees of Robespierres' committee is said to have been eventually purged from the Convention, and thoroughly hunted in the general population. While it is debated whether Robespierre targeted moderates to accelerate his own agenda, or out of legitimate concern for France, it is known that his definition of traitor led to the execution of many of the Revolutions' original and staunchest advocates.
Robespierre saw no room for mercy in his Terror, stating that "slowness of judgements is equal to impunity" and "uncertainty of punishment encourages all the guilty". Through out his Report on the Principles of Political Morality, Robespierre assailed any stalling of action in defence of the Republic. In his thinking, there was not enough that could be done fast enough in defence against enemies at home and abroad. It is easy to call Robespierre paranoid in his persecution of his contemporaries, but as he states, his actions are geared towards the preservation of the Revolution. Having such a deep learning of Rousseau and the teachings of reason and the social contract, Robespierre believed that it was his duty as a public servant to push the revolution forward, and that the only rational way to do that was to defend it on all fronts. The Report isn't so much a call for blood as it is a call for the legislative arm of the French Republic to fulfil its end of the social contract and serve the people. Along with his promotion of Terror, the Report also expounds many of the original ideas of the 1789 Revolution. Ideas of political equality, suffrage, and abolition of privilege are as much a part of Robespierres' ethos as was the Terror. Despite executing a good number of his fellow revolutionaries, Robespierre was still one of them in his theory, even if his practice was questionable.
In the winter of 1793–1794, a majority of the Committee decided that the Hébertist party must perish or its opposition within the Committee would overshadow the other factions due to its influence in the Commune of Paris. Robespierre also had personal reasons for disliking the Hébertists for their "atheism" and bloodthirstiness; for Robespierre such attributes were comparable to the characteristics of the Old Regime aristocracy. On Danton's suggestion, Camille Desmoulins protested the Terror in his third issue of Le Vieux Cordelier (Robespierre had read and approved of the first two issues).
From February 13 to March 13, 1794 Robespierre withdrew from active business on the Committee due to illness. During that time, he decided that the end of the Terror would mean the loss of political power he hoped to use to create the Republic of Virtue. He broke with Danton, on account of his moderate views, and joined in attacks on the Dantonists and the Hébertists. Robespierre charged his opponents with complicity with foreign powers.
On March 15 Robespierre reappeared in the Convention; on March 19 Hébert and 19 of his followers were arrested and on March 24 they were guillotined. On March 30, Danton, Desmoulins and their friends were arrested, tried on April 2 and guillotined on April 5.
After Danton's execution, Robespierre worked to develop his own policies. He used his influence over the Jacobin Club to dominate the Commune of Paris through his followers. Two of them, Jean-Baptiste Fleuriot-Lescot and Claude-François de Payan, were elected mayor and procurer of the Commune respectively. Robespierre tried to influence the army through his follower Antoine Louis Léon de Richebourg de Saint-Just, whom he sent on a mission to the frontier.
The Great Terror
In Paris, Robespierre increased the activity of the Terror: no one could accuse him of being a moderate. He hoped that the Convention would pass whatever measures he might dictate. To secure his aims, another ally on the Committee, Couthon, introduced and carried on June 10 the drastic Law of 22 Prairial. Under this law, the Tribunal became a simple court of condemnation without need of witnesses. The result of this was that until Robespierre's death, 1,285 victims were guillotined in Paris.
Robespierre's desire for revolutionary change was not limited to the political realm. He sought to instill a spiritual resurgence in the French nation based on Deist beliefs. Accordingly, on May 7, 1794 Robespierre had a decree passed by the Convention that established a Supreme Being. The notion of the Supreme Being was based on ideas that Jean-Jacques Rousseau had outlined in The Social Contract. In honour of the Supreme Being, a celebration was held on June 8. Robespierre, as President of the Convention, walked first in the festival procession and delivered a speech.
In this speech, Robespierre made it clear that his concept of a Supreme Being was far different from the traditional God of Christianity. Robespierre's Supreme Being was a radical democrat, like the Jacobins,
Is it not He whose immortal hand, engraving on the heart of man the code of justice and equality, has written there the death sentence of tyrants? Is it not He who, from the beginning of time, decreed for all the ages and for all peoples liberty, good faith, and justice? He did not create kings to devour the human race. He did not create priests to harness us, like vile animals, to the chariots of kings and to give to the world examples of baseness, pride, perfidy, avarice, debauchery, and falsehood. He created the universe to proclaim His power. He created men to help each other, to love each other mutually, and to attain to happiness by the way of virtue."
Downfall
Robespierre appeared at the Convention on July 26, the 8th of Thermidor according to the Revolutionary calendar, and delivered a two-hour-long speech. He defended himself against charges of dictatorship and tyranny, and then proceeded to warn of a conspiracy against the Republic. Robespierre implied that members of the Convention were a part of this conspiracy, though when pressed he refused to provide any names. Members who felt that Robespierre was alluding to them tried to prevent the speech from being printed, and a bitter debate ensued until Bertrand Berèreput forced an end to it. Later that evening Robespierre delivered the same speech again at the Jacobin Club, where it was very well received.
The next day, Saint-Just began to give a speech in support of Robespierre. However, those who saw him working on his speech the night before expected accusations to arise from it. He only had time to give a small part of his speech before Jean-Lambert Tallien interrupted him. While the accusations began to pile up, Saint-Just remained uncharacteristically silent. Robespierre then attempted to secure the tribune to speak but his voice was shouted down. Robespierre soon found himself at a loss for words after one deputy called for his arrest, and another, Marc Guillaume Valdiergave, gave a mocking impression of him. When one deputy realized Robespierre's inability to respond, the man shouted, "The blood of Danton chokes him!"
The Convention ordered the arrest of Robespierre, Couthon, Saint-Just, Le Bas, and Hanriot. Troops from the Commune arrived to liberate the prisoners. The Commune troops, under General Coffinhal, then marched against the Convention itself. The Convention responded by ordering troops of its own under Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras to be called out. When the Commune's troops heard the news of this, order began to break down, and Hanriot ordered his remaining troops to withdraw to the Hôtel de Ville. Robespierre and his supporters also gathered at the Hôtel de Ville. The Convention declared them to be outlaws, meaning that upon verification the fugitives could be executed within 24 hours without a trial. As the night went on the Commune forces at the Hôtel de Ville deserted until none of them remained. The Convention troops under Barras approached the Hôtel around 2:00 am on July 28. As they came, Robespierre's brother Augustin threw himself out of a window. Couthon was found lying at the bottom of a staircase, crippled by his fall. Le Bas committed suicide. Robespierre tried to shoot himself, but his arm was jerked by an arresting officer and he instead shot himself in the jaw, shattering it. The great orator had been silenced. Despite the general historical consensus that Robespierre shot himself, one gendarme named Merda claimed to have pulled the trigger. Saint-Just made no attempt at suicide or concealment. Hanriot tried to hide in the Hôtel's yard, but the Convention troops quickly discovered him.
For the remainder of the night Robespierre was moved to a table in the room of the Committee of Public Safety where he awaited execution.
The next day, 10th Thermidor An II (July 28, 1794), Robespierre was guillotined without trial in the Place de la Révolution. Couthon, Saint-Just and 14 other followers were also executed. Despite his notoriety and the blame that is apportioned to him for the Terror, the day Robespierre himself was guillotined there were in fact more executions carried out than on any other during this period. His corpse and head both were buried in the common cemetery of Errancis (now the Place de Goubeaux), but were accidentally moved to the Catacombs of Paris.
Legacy
Maximillien Robespierre is still a controversial figure. His defenders, such as Albert Soboul, viewed most of the measures of the Committee for Public Safety necessary for the defense of the Revolution and mainly regretted the destruction of the Hébertists and other enragés.
Robespierre’s main ideal was to ensure the virtue and sovereignty of the people. He disapproved of any acts which could be seen as exposing the nation to counter-revolutionaries and traitors, and became increasingly fearful of the defeat of the Revolution. He instigated the Terror and the deaths of his peers as a measure of ensuring a Republic of Virtue; but his ideals went beyond the needs and wants of the populous of France. He became a threat to what he had wanted to ensure and the result was his downfall.
The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica sums up Robespierre as a bright young theorist out of his depth in the matter of experience:
"A well-educated and accomplished young lawyer, he might have acquired a good provincial practice and lived a happy provincial life had it not been for the Revolution. Like thousands of other young Frenchmen, he had read the works of Rousseau and taken them as gospel. Just at the very time in life when this illusion had not been destroyed by the realities of life, and without the experience which might have taught the futility of idle dreams and theories, he was elected to the states-general."
"At Paris he wasn't understood till he met with his audience of fellow disciples of Rousseau at the Jacobin Club. His fanaticism won him supporters; his singularly sweet and sympathetic voice gained him hearers; and his upright life attracted the admiration of all. As matters approached nearer and nearer to the terrible crisis, he failed, except in the two instances of the question of war and of the kings trial, to show himself a statesman, for he had not the liberal views and practical instincts which made Mirabeau and Danton great men. His admission to the Committee of Public Safety gave him power, which he hoped to use for the establishment of his favourite theories, and for the same purpose he acquiesced in and even heightened the horrors of the Reign of Terror. It is here that the fatal mistake of allowing a theorist to have power appeared:
"Billaud-Varenne systematized the Terror because he believed it necessary for the safety of the country; Robespierre intensified it in order to carry out his own ideas and theories. Robespierre's private life was always respectable: he was always emphatically a gentleman and man of culture, and even a little bit of a dandy, scrupulously honest, truthful and charitable. In his habits and manner of life he was simple and laborious; he was not a man gifted with flashes of genius, but one who had to think much before he could come to a decision, and he worked hard all his life." <<
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ROBESPIERRE, Maximilien
DoB: 6/5/1758 Time: 02:00 (+0:11 LMT) GMT Time: 01:48:52 by Astrodienst
Location: 2E47 50N17 Arras (F)
Category: Terrorist or resistance fighter
Source: Databases of L. M. Rodden: L.M. Rodden, The American Book of Charts, 1980 -Verl”ssliche Zeit-
Rodden's AstroDatabank Rating: AA
Using RIYAL 3.1
Astrological Setting (Tropical - Placidus)
RIYAL Sat May 6 1758 UT 1h48m52s Lat50n17 Lon2e47 SORT ALL
Planet Longit. Latit. Declin. Const.
PA44 = 0Ca51 2s48 20n40 Ori
XZ255 = 0Vi52 r 2n37 13n38 Leo
TX300 = 1Ge05 24n57 44n40 Per
Radamantu= 1Li28 r 0n58 0n18 Vir
96PW = 1Vi34 r 5n56 16n28 Leo
Quaoar = 1Aq42 r 7n20 12s39 Cap
RL43 = 1Ar48 4s16 3s12 Psc
GV9 = 1Sa58 r 2s19 22s51 Sco
RR43 = 2Ca09 5n37 29n04 Aur
RG33 = 2Vi13 r 27n23 35n55 UMa
XR190 = 2Sa14 r 7s33 28s01 Sco
Hylonome = 2Sa15 r 4n01 16s42 Sco
Chiron = 2Aq24 7n09 12s41 Cap
Pelion = 2Ge32 7s54 12n57 Tau
Saturn = 2Pi49 1s25 11s48 Aqr
Cyllarus = 3Le00 12n11 31n20 Cnc
PN34 = 3Le01 2s29 17n06 Cnc
OP32 = 3Ar26 1s29 0n00 Cet
Chariklo = 4Sc40 r 24s57 36s19 Cen
Venus = 4Ar45 0n27 2n18 Psc
Mercury = 5Ge15 2n23 23n33 Tau
KF77 = 5Aq20 4s05 22s55 Cap
GM137 = 5Pi21 12s01 20s42 Aqr
HB57 = 5Ge37 12s10 9n17 Tau
DH5 = 6Pi01 0s05 9s24 Aqr
Elatus = 6Sc02 r 5n01 8s48 Lib
VU2 = 6Aq13 10n00 9s02 Aql
BL41 = 6Vi17 r 12s08 2s05 Sex
UX25 = 7Ge10 14s03 7n40 Ori
TD10 = 7Li17 r 0n36 2s20 Vir
RM43 = 7Sa25 r 7n40 14s01 Oph
RP120 = 7Sc50 r 4n01 10s20 Lib
CC22 = 8Pi04 5n18 3s38 Aqr
WN188 = 8Pi04 15s54 23s14 Aqr
Ixion = 8Sa05 r 0n05 21s36 Oph
XA255 = 8Ar10 12s25 8s10 Cet
FZ173 = 8Ta11 8n01 21n49 Ari
GQ21 = 8Ta27 6s15 8n25 Cet
CZ118 = 9Ge10 27n32 48n57 Per
YQ179 = 9Pi13 16s45 23s33 Aqr
XX143 = 9Ge16 3s17 18n37 Tau
QB243 = 9Le25 1n50 19n41 Cnc
Typhon = 9Ge32 2n17 24n10 Tau
TO66 = 10Ta54 20n55 34n50 Tri
FP185 = 10Ta56 22s43 6s32 Eri
TY364 = 11Ar02 19s54 13s55 Cet
RZ215 = 11Vi05 r 1s31 6n00 Leo
LE31 = 11Ge42 14s06 8n14 Ori
GB32 = 12Ge04 13s53 8n30 Ori
Neptune = 12Le37 0n10 17n12 Cnc
FY9 = 12Sc45 r 17n17 0n50 Ser
Sedna = 13Pi03 4s28 10s47 Aqr
QB1 = 13Ge43 2n04 24n32 Tau
Nessus = 13Cp56 r 15s27 38s05 Sgr
SB60 = 14Ar14 23n21 26n57 And
UR163 = 14Ca26 0n09 22n50 Gem
QD112 = 14Ar49 3n40 9n13 Psc
OM67 = 14Vi52 r 9s03 2s23 Leo
Midheav = 15Sa07 0n00 22s38 Oph
CF119 = 15Pi11 14n05 7n09 Peg
Pholus = 15Cp20 r 5n47 16s51 Sgr
Sun = 15Ta24 0n00 16n28 Ari
OX3 = 15Sc27 r 2s01 18s25 Lib
EL61 = 15Sc38 r 27n44 10n04 Ser
SA278 = 15Cp48 r 14n29 8s09 Aql
AZ84 = 15Ca53 8s27 14n08 Gem
Mars = 17Le00 1n55 17n35 Leo
Vertex = 17Vi04
CR105 = 17Aq17 4s57 20s23 Cap
CY118 = 17Ar22 16s07 8s04 Cet
BU48 = 17Aq25 1s31 17s04 Cap
FZ53 = 17Ca34 33s44 11s10 CMa
KX14 = 18Sc07 r 0s19 17s33 Lib
Teharonhi= 18Ar13 2n27 9n24 Psc
DA62 = 18Ar16 15s56 7s35 Cet
Jupiter = 18Sa18 r 0n41 22s17 Oph
MS4 = 18Cp57 r 17n20 4s57 Aql
Echeclus = 19Vi02 r 0s05 4n16 Leo
TC302 = 19Sc16 r 18s53 35s37 Cen
VR130 = 19Aq21 2n23 12s46 Cap
GZ32 = 19Ca48 1n59 23n58 Gem
Amycus = 19Sc54 r 14s04 31s14 Lup
Orcus = 20Le32 17s26 1s55 Hya
Eris = 20Sa39 r 35s50 58s50 Ara
WL7 = 20Vi56 r 1n40 5n07 Vir
Logos = 21Sc01 r 2n56 15s13 Lib
Apogee = 21Vi07 r 4n01 7n13 Vir
Varuna = 21Le10 13n04 26n47 Leo
RN43 = 21Pi23 4n34 0n47 Psc
CO1 = 22Pi07 19s15 20s44 Cet
Crantor = 22Cp27 r 1n11 20s26 Sgr
CE10 = 22Cp36 r 28s53 49s54 Tel
Pluto = 22Sa37 r 7n47 15s29 Ser
MW12 = 22Aq37 14n04 0s40 Aqr
SQ73 = 22Sc39 r 11s50 29s52 Lup
QF6 = 23Le46 3n08 16n34 Leo
RD215 = 24Li18 r 1s12 10s33 Vir
VS2 = 24Ta35 13n01 31n32 Per
OO67 = 24Li55 r 18n33 7n38 Vir
Ascend = 25Aq17 0n00 13s06 Aqr
Bienor = 25Ca27 12n00 32n52 Cnc
Pylenor = 25Le40 1n17 14n11 Leo
RZ214 = 25Vi51 r 12s08 9s29 Crt
Uranus = 25Pi55 0s44 2s18 Psc
CO104 = 25Ca59 2n21 23n18 Cnc
Thereus = 26Ge35 17s36 5n49 Ori
PB112 = 26Li51 r 8s43 18s28 Vir
VQ94 = 27Pi12 58s04 52s04 Eri
Huya = 27Li13 r 10n51 0s22 Vir
PJ30 = 27Ge19 2n09 25n35 Gem
Moon = 27Ar51 5s02 6n01 Psc
Asbolus = 28Le08 r 9n51 21n21 Leo
Node = 28Ca09 r 0n00 20n34 Cnc
Chaos = 28Le53 r 11n46 22n52 Leo
AW197 = 29Sc09 r 20s54 40s18 Lup
Okyrhoe = 29Aq28 7n50 4s20 Aqr
Ceto = 29Aq33 7n46 4s21 Aqr
UJ438 = 29Cp40 r 2n16 18s02 Cap
Deucalion= 29Sa44 r 0s13 23s41 Sgr
TL66 = 29Sc46 r 10n51 9s30 Sco
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Focused Minor Planets
EL61 = 15 Sc 38 r ("The Terror behind")
OX3 = 15 Sc 27 r
Sun = 15 Ta 24
Mars = 17 Le 00 T Square
CR105 = 17 Aq 17
Pholus = 15 Cp 20 r Sextile
SA278 = 15 Cp 48 r
Nessus = 13 Cp 56 r
OM67 = 14 Vi 52 r
CF119 = 15 Pi 11 Trine
UR163 = 14 Ca 26
Midheav = 15 Sa 07 Semisextile
SB60 = 14 Ar 14 Quincunx
_____________________
Chaos = 28 Le 53 r
Asbolus = 28 Le 08 r
Okyrhoe = 29 Aq 28
Ceto = 29 Aq 33
Moon = 27 Ar 51 Trine
Deucalion = 29 Sa 44 r
Huya = 27 Li 13 r Sextile
AW197 = 29 Sc 09 r Square
TL66 = 29 Sc 46 r
Node = 28 Ca 09 r Semisextile
_____________________
OP32 = 3 Ar 26
Venus = 4 Ar 45
Rhadamanthus = 1 Li 28 r
Mercury = 5 Ge 15 Sextile
Pelion = 2 Ge 32
Chiron = 2 Aq 24
Quaoar = 1 Aq 42 r
Saturn = 2 Pi 49 Semisextile
Hylonome = 2 Sa 15 r Trine
XR190 = 2 Sa 14 r
GV9 = 1 Sa 58 r
Cyllarus = 3 Le 00
RR43 = 2 Ca 09 Square
Chariklo = 4 Sc 40 r Quincunx
_____________________
UX25 = 7 Ge 10
Mercury = 5 Ge 15
HB57 = 5 Ge 37
Ixion = 8 Sa 05 r
RM43 = 7 Sa 25 r
Elatus = 6 Sc 02 r Quincunx
TD10 = 7 Li 17 r Trine
_____________________
CR105 = 17 Aq 17
Mars = 17 Le 00
Jupiter = 18 Sa 18 r Sextile
Teharonhi = 18 Ar 13
CY118 = 17 Ar 22
Sun = 15 Ta 24 T Square
EL61 = 15 Sc 38 r
KX14 = 18 Sc 07 r
OX3 = 15 Sc 27 r
_____________________
GV9 = 1 Sa 58 r
XR190 = 2 Sa 14 r
Hylonome = 2 Sa 15 r
Pelion = 2 Ge 32
Saturn = 2 Pi 49 Square
Chiron = 2 Aq 24 Sextile
Quaoar = 1 Aq 42 r
Radamantu= 1 Li 28 r
RR43 = 2 Ca 09 Quincunx
Cyllarus = 3 Le 00 Trine
_____________________
OO67 = 24 Li 55 r
Uranus = 25 Pi 55 Quincunx
VS2 = 24 Ta 35
Ascend = 25 Aq 17 Trine
Bienor = 25 Ca 27 Square
Pylenor = 25 Le 40 Sextile
RZ214 = 25 Vi 51 r Semisextile
_____________________
Eris = 20 Sa 39 r
Pluto = 22 Sa 37 r
Varuna = 21 Le 10 Trine
Orcus = 20 Le 32
Logos = 21 Sc 01 r Semisextile
Apogee = 21 Vi 07 r T Square
RN43 = 21 Pi 23
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Astrological Setting (Sidereal - Fagan/Bradley)
RIYAL Sat May 6 1758 UT 1h48m52s Lat50n17 Lon2e47 SORT ALL
Planet Longit.
RN43 = 0Pi01
CO1 = 0Pi45
Crantor = 1Cp05 r
CE10 = 1Cp14 r
Pluto = 1Sa15 r
MW12 = 1Aq16
SQ73 = 1Sc17 r
QF6 = 2Le25
RD215 = 2Li56 r
VS2 = 3Ta13
OO67 = 3Li33 r
Ascend = 3Aq56
Bienor = 4Ca05
Pylenor = 4Le18
RZ214 = 4Vi30 r
Uranus = 4Pi34
CO104 = 4Ca37
Thereus = 5Ge13
PB112 = 5Li29 r
VQ94 = 5Pi50
Huya = 5Li51 r
PJ30 = 5Ge57
Moon = 6Ar29
Asbolus = 6Le46 r
Node = 6Ca47 r
Chaos = 7Le31 r
AW197 = 7Sc47 r
Okyrhoe = 8Aq06
Ceto = 8Aq12
UJ438 = 8Cp18 r
Deucalion= 8Sa22 r
TL66 = 8Sc24 r
PA44 = 9Ge29
XZ255 = 9Le30 r
TX300 = 9Ta43
Radamantu= 10Vi06 r
96PW = 10Le12 r
Quaoar = 10Cp20 r
RL43 = 10Pi26
GV9 = 10Sc36 r
RR43 = 10Ge47
RG33 = 10Le52 r
XR190 = 10Sc52 r
Hylonome = 10Sc53 r
Chiron = 11Cp02
Pelion = 11Ta10
Saturn = 11Aq28
Cyllarus = 11Ca38
PN34 = 11Ca39
OP32 = 12Pi04
Chariklo = 13Li18 r
Venus = 13Pi23
Mercury = 13Ta53
KF77 = 13Cp58
GM137 = 13Aq59
HB57 = 14Ta15
DH5 = 14Aq39
Elatus = 14Li41 r
VU2 = 14Cp52
BL41 = 14Le55 r
UX25 = 15Ta49
TD10 = 15Vi55 r
RM43 = 16Sc03 r
RP120 = 16Li28 r
CC22 = 16Aq42
WN188 = 16Aq42
Ixion = 16Sc43 r
XA255 = 16Pi49
FZ173 = 16Ar50
GQ21 = 17Ar05
CZ118 = 17Ta48
YQ179 = 17Aq52
XX143 = 17Ta55
QB243 = 18Ca03
Typhon = 18Ta10
TO66 = 19Ar32
FP185 = 19Ar34
TY364 = 19Pi41
RZ215 = 19Le44 r
LE31 = 20Ta20
GB32 = 20Ta42
Neptune = 21Ca15
FY9 = 21Li23 r
Sedna = 21Aq41
QB1 = 22Ta21
Nessus = 22Sa35 r
SB60 = 22Pi52
UR163 = 23Ge05
QD112 = 23Pi27
OM67 = 23Le31 r
Midheav = 23Sc46
CF119 = 23Aq49
Pholus = 23Sa58 r
Sun = 24Ar02
OX3 = 24Li06 r
EL61 = 24Li16 r
SA278 = 24Sa26 r
AZ84 = 24Ge31
Mars = 25Ca38
Vertex = 25Le42
CR105 = 25Cp55
CY118 = 26Pi01
BU48 = 26Cp04
FZ53 = 26Ge12
KX14 = 26Li45 r
Teharonhi= 26Pi51
DA62 = 26Pi54
Jupiter = 26Sc56 r
MS4 = 27Sa36 r
Echeclus = 27Le41 r
TC302 = 27Li54 r
VR130 = 28Cp00
GZ32 = 28Ge26
Amycus = 28Li33 r
Orcus = 29Ca10
Eris = 29Sc18 r
WL7 = 29Le34 r
Logos = 29Li40 r
Apogee = 29Le45 r
Varuna = 29Ca48
_____________________
Focused Minor Planets
EL61 = 24 Li 16 r ("The Terror behind")
OX3 = 24 Li 06 r
Sun = 24 Ar 02
Mars = 25 Ca 38 T Square
CR105 = 25 Cp 55
Pholus = 23 Sa 58 r Sextile
SA278 = 24 Sa 26 r
Nessus = 22 Sa 35 r
OM67 = 23 Le 31 r
CF119 = 23 Aq 49 Trine
UR163 = 23 Ge 05
Midheav = 23 Sc 46 Semisextile
SB60 = 22 Pi 52 Quincunx
_____________________
Chaos = 7 Le 31 r
Asbolus = 6 Le 46 r
Okyrhoe = 8 Aq 06
Ceto = 8 Aq 12
Moon = 6 Ar 29 Trine
Deucalion = 8 Sa 22 r
Huya = 5 Li 51 r Sextile
AW197 = 7 Sc 47 r Square
TL66 = 8 Sc 24 r
Node = 6 Ca 47 r Semisextile
_____________________
OP32 = 12 Pi 04
Venus = 13 Pi 23
Rhadamanthus= 10 Vi 06 r
Mercury = 13 Ta 53 Sextile
Pelion = 11 Ta 10
Chiron = 11 Cp 02
Quaoar = 10 Cp 20 r
Saturn = 11 Aq 28 Semisextile
Hylonome = 10 Sc 53 r Trine
XR190 = 10 Sc 52 r
GV9 = 10 Sc 36 r
Cyllarus = 11 Ca 38
RR43 = 10 Ge 47 Square
Chariklo = 13 Li 18 r Quincunx
_____________________
UX25 = 15 Ta 49
Mercury = 13 Ta 53
HB57 = 14 Ta 15
Ixion = 16 Sc 43 r
RM43 = 16 Sc 03 r
Elatus = 14 Li 41 r Quincunx
TD10 = 15 Vi 55 r Trine
_____________________
CR105 = 25 Cp 55
Mars = 25 Ca 38
Jupiter = 26 Sc 56 r Sextile
Teharonhi = 26 Pi 51
CY118 = 26 Pi 01
Sun = 24 Ar 02 T Square
EL61 = 24 Li 16 r
KX14 = 26 Li 45 r
OX3 = 24 Li 06 r
_____________________
GV9 = 10 Sc 36 r
XR190 = 10 Sc 52 r
Hylonome = 10 Sc 53 r
Pelion = 11 Ta 10
Saturn = 11 Aq 28 Square
Chiron = 11 Cp 02 Sextile
Quaoar = 10 Cp 20 r
Rhadamanthus = 10 Vi 06 r
RR43 = 10 Ge 47 Quincunx
Cyllarus = 11 Ca 38 Trine
_____________________
OO67 = 3 Li 33 r
Uranus = 4 Pi 34 Quincunx
VS2 = 3 Ta 13
Ascend = 3 Aq 56 Trine
Bienor = 4 Ca 05 Square
Pylenor = 4 Le 18 Sextile
RZ214 = 4 Vi 30 r Semisextile
_____________________
Eris = 29 Sc 18 r
Pluto = 1 Sa 15 r
Varuna = 29 Ca 48 Trine
Orcus = 29 Ca 10
Logos = 29 Li 40 r Semisextile
Apogee = 29 Le 45 r T Square
RN43 = 0 Pi 01
____________________________
Tentatively, for 2003 OP32:
- Egomaniac
- Enigmatic blend of good and evil
- A genius for making enemies
- Duplicity
- Raising the philosophical, ethical question whether genius makes badness permissible in man
- Craving for revolt and contradiction
- Supernationalistic message
- Theorist whose ideas were meant for posterity
- Wide world perception
- Binding all life reality and illusion into one symbiotic union
- The framework of ideas and beliefs through which an individual interprets the world and interacts in it
- Striking a blow for progress
- Not proud enough to utter the truth
- Self-imposed religious-metaphysical bonds
- Irrepressible creative force overcoming the calculating preoccupations of the thinker
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Posted to Centaurs (YahooGroups) on June 22, 2008
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