AW197/Sun conjunction/OO67 opposition

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dr Leo Henryk Sternbach (May 7, 1908 – September 28, 2005) was a Polish-Jewish chemist who is credited with inventing the benzodiazepine, a class of tranquilizers.

He was born in Opatija, then in Austria-Hungary and now part of Croatia. He received his doctoral degree in organic chemistry from the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. He worked for Hoffmann-La Roche in Basel, Switzerland, which helped him to flee to the United States in 1941 to escape the Nazis. His work on drugs was done while working for Roche in Nutley, New Jersey.

Sternbach is credited with the invention of chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium), flurazepam (Dalmane), nitrazepam (Mogadon), clonazepam (Klonopin), and trimethaphan (Arfonad).

Librium, based on the R0 6-690 compound discovered by Sternbach in 1956, was approved for use in 1960.

In 1963 its improved version, Valium, was released and became astonishingly popular: between 1969 and 1982 it was the most prescribed drug in America, with over 2.3 billion sold in peak year of 1978.

Sternbach held 241 patents, and his discoveries helped to turn Roche into a pharmaceutical industry giant. He didn't become wealthy from his discoveries but he was happy: he treated chemistry as a passion and said that "I always did just what I wanted to do". He went into the office until he was 95.

Sternbach was a longtime resident of Upper Montclair, New Jersey, from 1943 to 2003. He moved down south, and died at his new home in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

A book "Good chemistry: The life and legacy of valium inventor Leo Sternbach" was published by McGraw-Hill in 2004.

The Rolling Stones paid tribute to Valium (the "little yellow pill") in their "Mother's Little Helper".

He is present in the New Jersey Inventor's Hall of Fame; and was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2005.<<

--------------------------

Mode of Action of Benzodiazepines

>>Benzodiazepines produce a variety of effects including:

· Anxiolytic (reduce anxiety)

· Anitconvulsant (used against epileptic seizures)

· Antispasmodic (muscle relaxant)

· Sedative/Hypnotic (“sleeping tablet” effect)

These effects result from Benzodiazepine’s modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the Central Nervous System (CNS), by influencing the GABAA receptor complex (Nutt & Malizia, 2001).

The GABAA receptor complex includes binding sites for benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and steroids. The chlorine ion channel is controlled by the GABA binding site. When the neurotransmitter GABA binds with the receptor it triggers a conformational change in the pore, allowing more Cl- to enter the cell (Nutt & Malizia, 2001). This results in a hyperpolarization of the cell membrane, consequently increasing the firing threshold and producing an inhibition of action potential firing. Upon binding, benzodiazepines lock the GABAA receptor into a conformation that increases the binding of GABA. Increased GABA binding increases the frequency of opening the associated Cl- channel, consequently amplifying the inhibitory effect (Cooper, Bloom, & Roth, 1996).

The GABAA receptor is composed of five protein subunits that ring a central chlorine ion channel. The majority of GABAA receptor subunits are alpha, ß, and gamma. Different isoforms of these main subunit types demonstrate different sensitivities to benzodiazepines. The most prevalent receptor is made up of alpha1, ß2, gamma2 subunits (Nutt & Malizia, 2001). GABA binds to the ß subunit and conventional benzodiazepines bind at the interface of the gamma2 subunit and any of the alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, or alpha5 subunits. Benzodiazepines with high affinity for the a1 subunit are associated with sedatives and those with affinity for alpha2 or alpha3 subunits demonstrate anti-anxiety activity. Receptors containing the alpha5 subunits may play a role in memory processes (Rowlett et al, 2006).

Action of Benzodiazepines at a synapse

GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and GABA receptors are found throughout the Central Nervous System. Depending on the brain region, as many as tent to fifty percent of all central synapses possess GABAA receptors (Nutt & Malizia, 2001). Even though different combinations of receptor subtypes produce different reactions to different benzodiazepines, in general the action of benzodiazepines at a synapse is the same.

(1,2) Nerve impulse causes release of GABA from storage sites on neuron 1

(3) GABA released into the synaptic cleft

(4) GABA reacts with receptors on neuron 2; the reaction allows Cl- to enter the neuron

(5) This effect inhibits further progress of the nerve impulse

(6,7) Benzodiazepines react with GABAA receptor complex

(8) This action enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA; the ongoing nerve impulse may be completely blocked

Benzodiazepines were discovered in 1954 by Dr. Leo Sternbach, an Austrian chemist working for the pharmaceutical company Hoffmann-La Roche. La Roch laboratories submitted the drug for pharmacalogical evaluation in which they discovered its superiority to other related drugs (Schatzberg 2001). In 1959 the first Benzodiazepine was patented, and in 1960 it was introduced to the world as Librium (chlordiazepoxide).<<

_______________________

Assuming noon, 11:00 UT, in Opatija, Lat45n21 - Lon14e19

Astrological Setting (Tropical - Placidus)

RIYAL Thu May 7 1908 UT 11h00m00s Lat45n21 Lon14e19 SORT ALL

Planet	Longitude	Latitude	Declin.	Const.
CY118	0Ge26	24s51	4s06	Eri
FY9	0Ge29	9s09	11n18	Tau
Varuna	0Pi53	13s52	24s04	Aqr
VS2	0Cp57 r	7s59	31s26	Sgr
Cyllarus	1Vi00 r	12n27	22n43	Leo
LE31	1Li07 r	31n38	28n20	Com
CF119	1Ta12	19n27	30n00	Psc
Venus	1Ca31	3n36	27n02	Gem
Ixion	1Vi36 r	19n37	29n05	LMi
RG33	2Li05 r	11n13	9n27	Vir
XA255	2Ar46	12s10	10s03	Cet
XX143	3Ge13	4s00	16n53	Tau
PB112	4Sa01 r	14s33	35s13	Lup
RP120	4Sc22 r	5s56	18s34	Vir
OM67	5Sc04 r	22s19	34s03	Cen
RD215	5Sa12 r	16n08	5s17	Oph
(Moon)	5Le26	2n31	21n21	Cnc
Jupiter	5Le43	0n46	19n36	Cnc
Saturn	5Ar46	2s09	0n19	Cet
GV9	6Ge10	1n03	22n23	Tau
Pylenor	6Sc12 r	5n47	8s08	Vir
FZ53	6Cp14 r	34n25	11n04	Oph
XR190	6Ar16	43n29	41n31	And
Node	6Ca20	0n00	23n18	Gem
MW12	6Vi34 r	9s35	0n11	Sex
Pelion	6Aq34	0n29	18s11	Cap
UJ438	7Aq08 r	2n32	16s02	Cap
SQ73	7Sa19 r	14s33	35s52	Sco
QB1	7Sa35 r	2s04	23s38	Oph
EL61	8Ca16	10s53	12n20	Gem
96PW	8Vi31 r	8n46	16n30	Leo
Deucalion	8Ca38	0n16	23n26	Gem
PJ30	8Le45	1s38	16n30	Cnc
MS4	8Vi50 r	14s44	5s24	Sex
VQ94	8Ar56	50s04	41s36	Phe
Orcus	9Ar13	19n44	21n42	Peg
Huya	9Ge46	15s04	7n01	Ori
HB57	9Ca52	15s19	7n48	Mon
CR105	10Ar24	20s13	14s27	Cet
Sedna	10Ar26	8s44	3s55	Cet
Typhon	10Pi36	0s27	8s01	Aqr
KF77	11Ar15	0s16	4n13	Psc
GB32	11Ca21	13s35	9n26	Mon
KX14	11Ca50	0n00	22n56	Gem
RN43	11Li57 r	2n29	2s26	Vir
PA44	12Ge36	2s07	20n13	Tau
Neptune	12Ca37	0s47	22n04	Gem
BL41	12Ca51	1s25	21n25	Gem
Radamantus	12Ar52	0n43	5n45	Psc
UX25	12Cp54r	19n18	3s36	Aql
FP185	13Ge32	29s45	7s07	Eri
Chaos	14Aq03	11s59	28s03	Mic
TY364	14Sa20r	23n23	0n43	Oph
CZ118	14Ca28	24n06	46n35	Lyn
TX300	15Sc20r	26s15	41s16	Cen
OO67	15Sc24r	20n10	2n53	Ser
Quaoar	15Le37	6s12	10n13	Cnc
RM43	15Cp40r	11s30	33s57	Sgr
Apogee	15Le40 r	3n17	19n16	Cnc
XZ255	16Cp04r	1s11	23s40	Sgr
RZ215	16Li06 r	15s52	20s55	Crv
Mercury	16Ta06	0s04	16n36	Ari
Sun	16Ta28	0n00	16n46	Ari
Midheav	16Ta40	0n00	16n50	Ari
TL66	16Cp44r	22n47	0n13	Aql
Uranus	16Cp48r	0s24	22s48	Sgr
AW197	17Ta11	22n31	38n23	And
RR43	17Sa13r	4n26	18s25	Oph
FZ173	17Ge49	12n16	35n06	Aur
Hylonome	18Aq14	2n43	12s47	Aqr
SA278	18Aq39	8n34	7s05	Aqr
CC22	18Li48 r	6n45	1s07	Vir
Vertex	18Cp58
Bienor	19Sc01r	21s04	37s36	Cen
RZ214	19Sc58r	6n14	11s44	Lib
Mars	20Ge06	1n00	24n04	Tau
OX3	20Li07 r	3s00	10s39	Vir
PN34	20Ca15	1n57	23n51	Gem
BU48	20Sa17r	11n33	11s34	Ser
VU2	20Pi30	12n44	7n57	Peg
GZ32	20Sa51r	7n19	15s50	Ser
TO66	20Sc52r	24s05	41s00	Cen
Pholus	20Li54 r	26n18	16n13	Boo
CO1	21Le16	18n43	32n01	LMi
SB60	21Li19 r	23s55	30s17	Cen
YQ179	21Ar59	20s37	10s35	Cet
Elatus	22Pi18	5s08	7s46	Aqr
OP32	22Vi20 r	4s17	0s54	Leo
VR130	22Le21	2s05	12n06	Leo
DA62	22Ar41	12s29	2s47	Cet
Thereus	23Ge00	16s46	6n31	Ori
Crantor	23Le00	6n37	20n05	Leo
Chiron	23Aq09	6n25	7s44	Aqr
TC302	23Aq14	31s18	42s51	Gru
Pluto	23Ge25	7s16	16n02	Tau
QB243	23Ge35	6n03	29n20	Aur
QD112	23Vi37 r	0n40	3n09	Vir
Chariklo	23Pi43	18n12	14n11	Peg
Okyrhoe	24Ge16	13s52	9n29	Ori
Amycus	24Aq22	1n54	11s37	Cap
UR163	24Sc27r	0s42	19s34	Lib
DH5	25Li14 r	18n42	7n40	Vir
Ceto	25Pi14	1s36	3s22	Psc
(Ascend)	25Le29	0n00	13n02	Leo
Eris	25Pi34	31s27	30s19	Scl
CE10	25Le38 r	4s50	8n26	Leo
Nessus	26Pi00	9s03	9s53	Cet
Logos	26Ar28	2s45	7n39	Psc
Teharonhi	26Li40 r	2s37	12s44	Vir
Asbolus	27Le11 r	10n35	22n22	Leo
WN188	27Aq13	10s42	22s27	Aqr
TD10	27Li35 r	2n27	8s20	Vir
Echeclus	27Cp35	4n13	16s31	Sgr
GQ21	28Ge11	12s50	10n36	Ori
RL43	28Ge16	11s19	12n08	Ori
CO104	28Sc20r	2s54	22s38	Lib
QF6	28Ca54	5s51	14n40	Cnc
WL7	28Pi58	1s19	1s37	Psc
AZ84	29Pi08	12n45	11n21	Peg
GM137	29Le32	14n47	25n25	Leo

Focused Minor Planets

AW197 = 17 Ta 11

(complex assemblages - worldwide action- dynamic structures -

Mercury = 16 Ta 06

OO67 = 15 Sc 24 r

(times/ages marker - milestones)

Venus = 1 Ca 31 Semisquare

Uranus = 16 Cp 48 r Trine

TL66 = 16 Cp 44 r

Quaoar = 15 Le 37 T Square

SA278 = 18 Aq 39

RZ215 = 16 Li 06 r Quincunx

FZ173 = 17 Ge 49 Semisextile

Ixion = 1 Vi 36 r

Cyllarus = 1 Vi 00 r

Varuna = 0 Pi 53

Venus = 1 Ca 31 Sextile

VS2 = 0 Cp 57 r Trine

FY9 = 0 Ge 29 Square

SA278 = 18 Aq 39

Mars = 20 Ge 06 Trine

RR43 = 17 Sa 13 r Sextile

TO66 = 20 Sc 52 r Square

AW197 = 17 Ta 11

Jupiter = 5 Le 43 Sextile

Saturn = 5 Ar 46

Pylenor = 6 Sc 12 r Quincunx

Node = 6 Ca 20 Semisextile

MW12 = 6 Vi 34 r Square

Pelion = 6 Aq 34 Trine

UX25 = 12 Cp 54 r

Neptune = 12 Ca 37

RN43 = 11 Li 57 r Square

Chaos = 14 Aq 03

Quaoar = 15 Le 37

Neptune = 12 Ca 37 Quincunx

TY364 = 14 Sa 20 r Sextile

OO67 = 15 Sc 24 r Square

Pluto = 23 Ge 25 Trine

OP32 = 22 Vi 20 r Quincunx

Chariklo = 23 Pi 43 Semisextile

____________________________

Astrological Setting (Sidereal - Fagan/Bradley)

RIYAL Thu May 7 1908 UT 11h00m00s Lat45n21 Lon14e19 SORT ALL

Planet	Longitude
QB243	0Ge08
QD112	0Vi09 r
Chariklo	0Pi15
Okyrhoe	0Ge48
Amycus	0Aq55
UR163	0Sc59 r
DH5	1Li47 r
Ceto	1Pi47
(Ascend)	2Le02
Eris	2Pi07
CE10	2Le11 r
Nessus	2Pi33
Logos	3Ar01
Teharonhi	3Li13 r
Asbolus	3Le44 r
WN188	3Aq46
TD10	4Li08 r
Echeclus	4Cp08
GQ21	4Ge44
RL43	4Ge48
CO104	4Sc53 r
QF6	5Ca27
WL7	5Pi31
AZ84	5Pi41
GM137	6Le05
CY118	6Ta59
FY9	7Ta02
Varuna	7Aq26
VS2	7Sa29 r
Cyllarus	7Le32 r
LE31	7Vi40 r
CF119	7Ar45
Venus	8Ge04
Ixion	8Le08 r
RG33	8Vi38 r
XA255	9Pi18
XX143	9Ta45
PB112	10Sc33r
RP120	10Li55 r
OM67	11Li37 r
RD215	11Sc45 r
(Moon)	11Ca58
Jupiter	12Ca15
Saturn	12Pi19
GV9	12Ta43
Pylenor	12Li44 r
FZ53	12Sa46r
XR190	12Pi49
Node	12Ge52
MW12	13Le06 r
Pelion	13Cp07
UJ438	13Cp41r
SQ73	13Sc51r
QB1	14Sc08r
EL61	14Ge48
96PW	15Le04 r
Deucalion	15Ge11
PJ30	15Ca18
MS4	15Le22 r
VQ94	15Pi28
Orcus	15Pi46
Huya	16Ta19
HB57	16Ge24
CR105	16Pi57
Sedna	16Pi58
Typhon	17Aq09
KF77	17Pi48
GB32	17Ge54
KX14	18Ge23
RN43	18Vi29 r
PA44	19Ta09
Neptune	19Ge10
BL41	19Ge24
Radamantus	19Pi24
UX25	19Sa26r
FP185	20Ta04
Chaos	20Cp35
TY364	20Sc53r
CZ118	21Ge01
TX300	21Li52 r
OO67	21Li56 r
Quaoar	22Ca10
RM43	22Sa12r
Apogee	22Ca13r
XZ255	22Sa37r
RZ215	22Vi39 r
Mercury	22Ar39
Sun	23Ar01
(Midheav)	23Ar13
TL66	23Sa17r
Uranus	23Sa21r
AW197	23Ar44
RR43	23Sc46r
FZ173	24Ta21
Hylonome	24Cp46
SA278	25Cp12
CC22	25Vi21 r
Vertex	25Sa31
Bienor	25Li34 r
RZ214	26Li30 r
Mars	26Ta39
OX3	26Vi40 r
PN34	26Ge48
BU48	26Sc49r
VU2	27Aq03
GZ32	27Sc24r
TO66	27Li25 r
Pholus	27Vi27 r
CO1	27Ca49
SB60	27Vi52 r
YQ179	28Pi32
Elatus	28Aq51
OP32	28Le52 r
VR130	28Ca53
DA62	29Pi14
Thereus	29Ta32
Crantor	29Ca33
Chiron	29Cp42
TC302	29Cp47
Pluto	29Ta58

Focused Minor Planets

AW197 = 23 Ar 44

Mercury = 22 Ar 39

OO67 = 21 Li 56 r

Venus = 8 Ge 04 Semisquare

Uranus = 23 Sa 21 r Trine

TL66 = 23 Sa 17 r

Quaoar = 22 Ca 10 T Square

SA278 = 25 Cp 12

RZ215 = 22 Vi 39 r Quincunx

FZ173 = 24 Ta 21 Semisextile

Ixion = 8 Le 08 r

Cyllarus = 7 Le 32 r

Varuna = 7 Aq 26

Venus = 8 Ge 04 Sextile

VS2 = 7 Sa 29 r Trine

FY9 = 7 Ta 02 Square

SA278 = 25 Cp 12

Mars = 26 Ta 39 Trine

RR43 = 23 Sc 46 r Sextile

TO66 = 27 Li 25 r Square

AW197 = 23 Ar 44

Jupiter = 12 Ca 15 Sextile

Saturn = 12 Pi 19

Pylenor = 12 Li 44 r Quincunx

Node = 12 Ge 52 Semisextile

MW12 = 13 Le 06 r Square

Pelion = 13 Cp 07 Trine

UX25 = 19 Sa 26 r

Neptune = 19 Ge 10

RN43 = 18 Vi 29 r Square

Chaos = 20 Cp 35

Quaoar = 22 Ca 10

Neptune = 19 Ge 10 Quincunx

TY364 = 20 Sc 53 r Sextile

OO67 = 21 Li 56 r Square

Pluto = 29 Ta 58 Trine

OP32 = 28 Le 52 r Quincunx

Chariklo = 0 Pi 15 Semisextile

_______________________________

Tentatively, additional keywords:

- Building New Complex Structures

- Modernisation of Ancient Methods

- The Age of Anxiety

___________________________________

Posted to Centaurs (YahooGroups) on May 26, 2008

________________________________